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6 Benefits of Lactic Acid in Skincare

Discover how this naturally-occurring skincare ingredient can enhance your skincare routine.

What is in this article:

Lactic Acid is a naturally occurring water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) which the body produces when it breaks down glucose into a fuel source when the tissue aren't sufficiently oxyginated. It’s also found in a range of fermented foods, such as dairy products, pickled vegetables and bread, among others. In skincare, Lactic Acid is renowned for its ability to remove dead skin cells and improve skin texture.

For this reason it’s typically found in cleansers, exfoliants and serums, which promote its surface-level exfoliating properties, as well as its hydrating and anti-aging properties. Lactic Acid also helps in maintaing the slightly acidic pH of the skin, maintaining the natural moisture barrier.

What does Lactic Acid do for skin?

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Lactic Acid Benefits for Skin

1. Exfoliation and Cell Turnover

Lactic Acid plays a role in removing dead skin cells on the outermost surface by breaking down the bonds that hold the dead skin cells together. This leads to their shedding which reveals fresher, new skin cells underneath. Over time, regular exfoliation with Lactic Acid may promote a smoother complexion and improved skin texture.

 

2. Hydration and Moisture Retention

Thanks to its humectant properties, Lactic Acid draws in and retains moisture, which improves the skin’s flexibility. It can also help to preserve the skin’s natural moisture barrier with ceramides, which further improves moisture retention, making it suitable for people with dehydrated skin.

 

3. Balancing Skin Tone

A skin tone is considered uneven if there are patches of hyperpigmentation, dark spots or redness. While all of these factors are completely natural and unecessary to worry about (do not hesitate to consult a doctor in case of doubts), their appearance might be reduced through regular use of Lactic Acid. This is in part due to Lactic Acid's exfoliating properties, but can also be linked to the fact that it could help to reduce the production of melanin, which is responsible for skin pigmentation.

4. Collagen Stimulation

Collagen is an important component of skin, helping to maintain elasticity and firmness. As we age, Collagen production typically slows down, leading to the natural occurrence of fine lines and wrinkles. Additonally, its exfoliating properties can assist in the regeneration of new skin cells and increase the production of Collagen and Elastin, which can lead to fuller, plumper skin.

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5. Better Product Penetration

The exfoliant properties of Lactic Acid can also help to increase the penetration of other skincare products. This is because the accumulation of dead skin cells can form a barrier against products, so their removal leads to deeper penetration and more effective results.

 

6. Reduce Symptoms of Acne

Lactic Acid may help to alleviate symptoms of acne. Its exfoliating properties can help to lift dead skin cells that may otherwise clog pores and cause acne.

Lactic Acid for Skin: Uses and Application

Lactic Acid is available for a wide range of applications which take advantage of its various benefits. In lower concentrations, it may be found in cleansers, toners and moisturisers, while higher concentrations may be used in targeted active products such as serums.

It’s advisable not to use high concentrations of Lactic Acid too often. Excessive use could lead to over-exfoliation, which may disrupt the skin’s natural barrier. Always check the product label to know taboput the recommended use frequency. The NIVEA Derma Skin Clear Scrub for instance, whose skin tolerance has been dermatologically tested, is recommended 2 to 3 times a week.

Whenever you do use high-concentrations of Lactic Acid, make sure to apply sunscreen to any affected areas. The same applies for any form of chemical exfoliant, which will typically increase your skin’s sensitivity to the sun. It’s a good idea to get into the daily habit of applying SPF after completing your morning skincare routine.

The NIVEA SUN UV Face Specialist Triple Protect Sun Fluid SPF 50+ is ideal for those looking to add an effective SPF into their routine. Its light formula is sweat resistant, suitable for application underneath make-up, and absorbs immediately for an invisible finish.

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Lactic Acid for Skin - Considerations

  1. Pregnancy:
    A woman's skin may be more sensitive and reactive during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. Lactic Acid is generally considered safe for topical use - however, pregnant women should exercise caution and consult a dermatologist before using products containing higher concentrations of Lactic Acid. In any case, always be sure to check the package instructions before use.

  2. Veganism:
     It is possible to obtain Lactic Acid from a variety of sources, including plants and animals. Vegan alternatives to conventional skincare products often use plant-derived Lactic Acid, ensuring ethical and environmental considerations are taken into account. If you’re unsure whether a specific ingredient in your chosen product is plant-derived or not, contact the manufacturer. The NIVEA Derma Skin Clear Scrub - along with all other products in the Derma Skin Clear range - is suitable for vegans.

  3. Sensitivity:
    Though Lactic Acid is considered one of the milder AHAs, usage of higher quantities may cause skin sensitivity in those who are prone to experiencing it. Rest assured that NIVEA products undergo rigorous dermatological testing to ensure they are safe for your skin.
Facts overview

Lactic Acid in Skincare

Lactic Acid is a naturally occurring water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) found in fermented foods. It’s also produced by the body lacking oxygen to produce more energy via the breakdown of glucose. 

In skincare, Lactic Acid is renowned for its ability to remove dead skin cells, improve skin texture, and maintain the skin's natural moisture barrier. Lactic Acid is commonly used in cleansers, exfoliants, and serums, where it mainly acts on the surface-level to exfoliate dead skin cells while helping the skin to remain pH-balanced.

The NIVEA Derma Skin Clear range offers effective cleansing products - in particular, the Anti-Blemish Scrub also contains Lactic Acid for a well-rounded skincare routine.

Building an Effective Cleansing Routine

Lactic Acid is often found in cleansers, toners and serums that utilise its humectant and exfoliant properties. But when it comes to building an effective routine, where do you start? Below is our recommended routine which includes products from the NIVEA Derma Skin Clear range, formulated specifically for blemish-prone skin.

  1. Cleanse: begin your routine with an effective cleanser. The NIVEA Derma Skin Clear Wash Gel gently removes makeup and impurities and cleans deep inside pores to prevent blemishes from appearing. After dampening your face, gently massage in the cleanser while taking care to avoid the eye area, and then rinse off with warm water.

    1a. Scrub: to go one step beyond regular cleansing and further refine your skin, occasionally switch the cleanser for a scrub such as the NIVEA Derma Skin Clear Anti-Blemish Scrub. It’s formulated with Salicylic Acid and Niacinamide, and also contains Lactic Acid. Using this scrub will help to reduce blackheads and whiteheads without drying out the skin.

  2. Tone: round off the cleansing stage of your routine by applying a gentle, Salicylic Acid toner. The NIVEA Derma Skin Clear Toner can help to rebalance the skin’s natural pH level, control oiliness and hydrate the skin without clogging pores. 

  3. Exfoliate: in your night routine, apply a concentrated exfoliator to stimulate the renewal of old, damaged skin cells and further clear out the pores. The NIVEA Derma Skin Clear Chemical Exfoliator is formulated with Salicylic Acid, Niacinamide and Glycolic Acid to visibly reduce blemishes. Leave overnight for the best results.

Following this routine can help to visibly improve the appearance of blemished skin in as little as seven days.


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Lactic Acid Benefits for Skin: Takeaway

Lactic Acid is a naturally-occurring alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that the body produces when it breaks down glucose molecules. Regular use of Lactic Acid promotes exfoliation and cell turnover, hydration, and moisture retention, while also balancing skin tone and stimulating collagen production. For those following a vegan lifestyle, non-animal Lactic Acid alternatives are available. Incorporating Lactic Acid into a well-rounded skincare routine may lead to visibly improved skin texture and tone.

Lactic Acid in Skincare - Frequently Asked Questions

What is Lactic Acid, and how does it benefit the skin?

Lactic Acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from natural sources like milk, fruits, and vegetables. It benefits the skin by gently exfoliating dead skin cells, improving hydration, promoting collagen production, and addressing skin concerns like hyperpigmentation and acne.

Is Lactic Acid suitable for all skin types?

Lactic Acid is generally suitable for most skin types, including normal, dry, and combination skin. However, those with sensitive or reactive skin should use higher-concentrations with caution and perform a patch test before regular application.

How does Lactic Acid exfoliate the skin, and what are its exfoliating benefits?

Lactic Acid exfoliates the skin by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, leading to their shedding. Its exfoliating benefits include improved skin texture, a smoother complexion, and a more even skin tone.

Can Lactic Acid help with hyperpigmentation and uneven skin tone?

Yes, Lactic Acid may help with hyperpigmentation and uneven skin tone. Lactic Acid can help to fade dark sports and give a brighter and unified tone, not only by favorising exfoliation, but it could also play a role in melanin production.

Does Lactic Acid help with acne-prone skin, and how does it work for acne?

Lactic Acid can benefit acne-prone skin by unclogging pores and reducing the occurrence of breakouts.

Should I use lactic acid during the day or at night?

Higher concentrations of Lactic Acid can make your skin more sensitive to the sun, so it's best to use it at night and follow up with sunscreen during the day to protect your skin.

What are the anti-aging effects of Lactic Acid on the skin?

Lactic Acid can stimulate collagen production, which is essential for maintaining skin elasticity and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. This makes it a potential option for addressing early signs of aging.

Are there any side effects or potential skin reactions to Lactic Acid?

Some individuals may experience mild tingling, redness, or irritation when using higher concentrations of Lactic Acid, especially if they have sensitive skin. Performing a patch test and starting with lower concentrations can help minimise potential reactions. However, NIVEA products are dermatologically tested and are safe for your skin.

Can lactic acid be used on sensitive areas, such as around the eyes?

It's generally best to avoid applying Lactic Acid directly to sensitive areas like the eyes. Use a gentle eye cream instead.

How often should I use Lactic Acid in my skincare routine?

How often you use Lactic Acid will depend on your skin's tolerance and the product's concentration. For beginners, it is recommended to start with small-dosed products, once a week for instance, before starting on a more frequent usage, going to multiple times a week, if not once a week depending on the products recommendations and a targeted face location. The NIVEA Derma Skin Clear Scrub, which contains Lactic Acid, is suitable for a usage of 2-3 times a week.

Can I use Lactic Acid with other skincare products or ingredients?

It is always best to avoid mixing products and ingredients without knowing if they could react together. Notably, avoid using high concentrations of Lactic Acid  in combination with other skin resurfacing ingredients such as Retinol as this may lead to over-exfoliation.
Instead, use a formula containing multiple mixed ingredients, whose skin tolerance and stability have been verified. If you're using different care products in your routine, leave a few minutes interval in between each application in order to avoid eventual interaction.

Is Lactic Acid safe to use during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

As with any skincare ingredient, when trying it for the first time it's advisable to consult your healthcare professional before using Lactic Acid during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Is Lactic Acid suitable for vegans?

Whether or not Lactic Acid is suitable for vegans depends on its source. Traditional Lactic Acid is derived from animal by-products, such as milk. However, many modern skincare products utilise Lactic Acid sourced from plant-based materials, making it vegan-friendly. Always check product labels or contact the manufacturer to ensure that the Lactic Acid used in your skincare product aligns with your vegan lifestyle. The NIVEA Derma Skin Clear Scrub is suitable for vegans.

Does Lactic Acid increase sun sensitivity, and do I need to use sunscreen?

Yes, like other skin resurfacing ingredients, Lactic Acid can increase the skin's sensitivity to the sun. It's essential to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF daily, especially when using Lactic Acid products, to protect the skin from harmful UV rays and prevent sun reactions.